Cresylic acid-furfural synthetic resin base adhesive



Patented Nov. 11, 1947 3,430 73 CRESYLIG ACID-FURFURAL SYNTHETI R ESIN BASE ADHESIVE Donald Y. Redfern, Seattle, Wash., assignor to Adhesive Products Company, Seattle. Wash.

No Drawing. Application December 4, 1942,

Serial No. 167 909v 1 scams. 260-7) UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE The invention relates to a new and useful resin same results as larger quantities have done herebase adhesive comprising a powdered alkalinetofore, must necessarily assume significant imdispersible resin base composed of the reaction portance. products of.a phenol and/or its homologs and The terms extending material and alkalinean aldehyde, with a modifying material, in an 5 dispersible material should herewith be defined alkaline medium, and an absorbing material; toin thesense in which they are used in this pargether with other extending and/or alkaline disticular disclosure. By extending material" is persible materials. meant any dry material which is added to the Resin base glues used in the making of exdry resin base material in order to form a mixterior grade plywood are, in general, quite exture suitable for use as an adhesive base. The

pensive, but I have discovered that by a choice term "alkaline-dispersible material" is applied of materials heretofore thought not suitable for to any dry'material which is also suitable for a plywood glue because of the treatment received admixture with the resin base material to form in their manufacture, an extended resin base an adhesive base, but which is dispersible in an glue, cheaper to make and every bit as durable, aqueous alkaline medium.

can be obtained. This group of materials, which 7 A representative list of suitable extending may be referred to as extenders," includes heatand/or alkali-dispersible materialsjollows: treated matelrlilais suci as the insoluble blood of 1 Sulfur commerce w 0 un ergoes drastic heat treatment in its manufacture, and dried activated gfiga giggzgzg ghsgg as sewage sludge. A combination of the resin base with one or more of these heat-treated materials gigtig i ggg with or without a small percentage of those alkali Casein dispersible materials commonly accepted assuitable plywood adhesive bases, such, for example, as casein, soluble blood albumen, and soya meal, makes a glue composition that will readily form 7 an adhesive in alkaline media, which adhesive is spreadable by plant techniques now employed and w which will form panels capable of passing the .i xggg fig li lfia gd o rg 'so-called Exterior test for moisture resistance flon) (see National Bureau of standards Commercial 4. Cellulosic materials, such as wood flour.

Standard Bulletin numbered 5. Starch containing materials, such as Manioc;

-O1eaginous seed meals, as such, heat-treated, or aldehyde-treated, examples 0! which are: peanut, cottonseed, flaxseed. soya.

The choice of extenders and/or 'alkali-dis- I -wheat noun persible materials may be so varied as to produce an adhesive suitable not only for making an It will be understood that the above list is exterior grade of plywood, but also plywood of representative only and is not intended as an inferior grades, this grade depending partiall enumeration of all possible extending and alkaliupon the reactive properties of the particular exdispersing a i tender or extenders and/or alkali-dispersible ma- 40 soluble blqod is a good example of alkalinet m chosen, and also upon the relative soluble protein, and insoluble blood is a good exportions of resin base to said extending or alkaliample of F Partially alkaline-Soluble P and dispersible materials used in the preparation of the Protems listed i the above tabulation may the adhesive composition. be divided into tWO such groups. Alkaline-dis- Another point to be considered in relation to p rsi le pr ins are proteins which fall in the thi n nt is th tt of th now h. above classes of alkaline-soluble and partially discussed defense situation. During the presalkaline-Soluble P ent emergency it is vital that existing "defense" The resins disclosed herein and in applicant's materials be preserved. Resin-forming mateabove mentioned co-pending P 1 pp t on rials, an example of which is cresylic acid, must a p l I In Order to d an new be routed from less important commercial extender such as those non-proteinous materials channels to more important government defense mentioned above and the partially alkaline-soluwork. Hence any invention, such as the present ble proteins it is necessary to have present an one, which permits the use of lesser quantities of alkaline-soluble protein to sustain these ex-. these much-needed materials to accomplish the tenders in solution; and to use an alkaline-soluble 3. Ligneous materials, such as lignin from waste protein without large amounts oi builering or neutralizing material it is also necessary to employ furiural-instead ot the more reactive aldehydes. The strong aldehydes such as formaldehyde immediately coagulate the protein when the two are mixed. The alkaline-soluble proteins may be extenders by themselves.

The materials used in my invention may be ground to any degree 01' fineness, but for the purposes of the present invention I find that the resin should be ground to pass at least through a one hundred-mesh (100) screen while the other ma-- terials should be fine enough to pass mostly through a one hundred and fifty-mesh (150) screen. However, the fineness oi grind is a discretionary measure and I do not confine myself to any certain degree of comminution. so far as the invention in its broadest'aspects is concerned.

Examples of adhesives made in accordance with 100 parts of this dry powder are then placed in a suitable mixer and 200 parts of water are added. This is mixed for three (3) minutes. 10

parts of caustic soda dissolved in parts water. are added and this is mixed for four (4) minutes.

10 parts oi lime in suspension in 20 parts of water are'then added and stirring is continued for three (3) more minutes. parts of N" grade silicate of soda are next added and stirred in the mixture for five (5) minutes.

10 parts of water are added at the end to complete the mix which is ready for use after it has been stirred for another three (3) minutes.

When the mixing is completed a viscous material suitable for use as an adhesive is the result. This material is put on spreader rolls and the veneer to be used in the manufacture of the plywood is run through the rolls, said rolls having previously been adjusted for proper spread application. The panel is then hot-pressed at a pressure of one hundred seventy-five (1'75) pounds per square inch for a sufiioient length of time to produce a good bond, the bonding time depending upon the particular type oi panel construction. The press temperature should be around two hundred thirty-five degrees Fahrenheit (235 F.)

While panels made with the above adhesive form a much better bond when pressed on the hot press, I do not wish to confine the use of such an adhesive to hot pressing alone, as I have found that very good results may also be obtained by cold pressing operations.

The strength of five-ply panels made up with this adhesive (see Example No. 1) using Douglas fir veneer, all plies being one-tenth (1 5) of an inch thick, gave results on the Exterior test (see National Bureau of Standards Commercial Standard Bulletin numbered 0845-38) as follows:

4 Example No. 2

- Parts by weight Resin base 40 Soluble blood 10 Insoluble blood These dry ingredients are mixed together to form the dry glue base as in Example No. l and are then mixed with the various chemicals in the same manner and proportions as was the dry base in Example No. l.

Panels made with this glue in a manner similar to that described in Example No.11 gave Exterior test results as follows:

' Time No. Siren h W 0d Panel Construction Pressed, Panels gt Failure,

. minutes Tested lbs l g in Per Cent 6ply Mo-in. Plysnsn... 4 1 ms 100 3 ply Mo-ln. Plys 3% l 129 92 3 ply lt-in. Plys 5 2 176 91 The resin base for the two foregoing examples,

its ingredients, and the manner in which they are combined, is set forth in my application Serial No. 457,650, filed September 8, 1942, entitled Synthetic resin adhesive and process of making same, as follows:

(Parts by weight) The above named materials are put in a reaction kettle fitted with a reflux condenser so its minutes; One hundred parts of insoluble blood (absorbing material) are then added and mixed in thoroughly and the resultant resin is poured onto trays to cool. After cooling. the resin is ground to pass at least a one hundred (100) mesh screen. 1

Example No. 3

For the glue produced in this example the resin contained ground dried activated sludge in place of the insoluble blood. The glue was made as described in Example No. 1. Exterior results on panels tested were as follows:

. Per Cent Press Strength, I a Panel Construction Tlmr, lbs./sq.in. Wpod Panels Failure min. (avenge) (average) 5 ply Mo-in. Plys l0 5 158 60 Example N0. 4

Parts by weight Resin base as in foregoing examples l3 Soyaflour 40 Casein 27 Insoluble blood 8 Trisodium phosphate 8 Sodium fluoride 3 Anti-foam 1 The above mentioned dry ingredients are thoroughly mixed together to form the glue base;

100 parts of the above glue base are put into a suitable mixer and 285 parts of water are added; this is mixed for eight (8) minutes; 15 parts of lime in suspension in 30 parts of water are then added and stirring is continued for three (3) more minutes; 25 parts of sodium silicate (N grade) are next added and stirring is continued for three (3) minutes; 1 parts of carbon disulfide are added, stirring is continued for three (3) minutes and the glue mixture is ready for use.

The strength of 5-ply panels made with this adhesive, using Douglas fir veneer, -in. thick races, A-in. thick cross bands, and A;-in. thick core, was as follows:

Press Strength Per Cent No. of Time, in Wood panels min. lbs./sq.in. Failure (average) (average) These examples are intended only to illustrate the adaptability and scope of the invention and do not limit it in any way. From an examination of theexamples it can be seen that the amount of the resin base used in each case is extended greatly to produce a glue suitable for producing plywood.

I do not wish to limit myself to the binding together of plywood alone by the adhesive herein described as the adhesive is also useful for binding other porous materials such as wood joints,

paper, fibrous materials for making floor coverings and the like.

I claim:

1. A thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat .condensation compound of cresylic acid, furfural, and an alkali-dispersible protein modifier; and in admixture with said base an alkali-dispersible protein extender.

2. A thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensation compound of cresylic compound and said extender.

4. A thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensation compound of cresylic acid, furfural, and an alkali-soluble protein modifier; and in admixture with said base a nonalkali-soluble extender.

5. A thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensation compound of cresylic acid, furfural, and an alkali-soluble protein modifier; and in admixture with said base an alkalisoluble protein extender.

6. A thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensationcompound of cresylic acid, furfural, and an alkali-dispersible protein modifier; and in admixture with said base an alkali-soluble protein extender, and an alkali adapted to solubilize and disperse said condensation compound and said extender in water.

7. Av thermo-setting dry powdered adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensation compound of cresylic acid, furfural, alkali, and an alkali-dispersible protein modifier, said phenol, furiural, and alkali being in the molar ratio of about 211:0.25; and in admixture with said base an alkali-dispersible protein extender.

8. A thermo-setting adhesive base, comprising: as a resin base an alkali-catalyzed heat condensation compound of cresylic acid, furfural, alkali, and an alkali-dispersible protein modifier, said phenol, furfural, and alkali being in the molar ratio of about 2:1:0.25; and in admixture with saidbase an alkali-dispersible protein extender, and an aqueous alkali medium for containing and dispersing said condensation compound and said extender.

' DONALD V. REDFERN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,771,033 Ellis July 22, 1930 1,771,553 Arnot July 29, 1930 1,884,747 Knapp Oct. 25, 1932 2,066,857 Rozema Jan. 5, 1937 2,292,624 Fawthrop Aug. 11, 1942 2,089,034 Nevin Aug. 3, 1937 2,141,313 Osgood Dec. 27, 1938 OTHER REFERENCES U. S. Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, Forest Products Lab., Madison, Wisconsin; report- No. 1336, "Synthetic Resin Glues, Dec. 1941. 

